Stroke

What Is a Stroke?

A stroke is a medical emergency that occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted, either by a blocked artery (ischemic stroke) or a ruptured blood vessel (hemorrhagic stroke). Without oxygen-rich blood, brain cells begin to die within minutes, potentially causing permanent damage or death.

Types of Stroke

1. Ischemic Stroke

   • Caused by a blood clot blocking an artery
   • Accounts for ~85% of all strokes

2. Hemorrhagic Stroke

   • Caused by a ruptured blood vessel
   • Often linked to high blood pressure or aneurysms

3. Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

   • Temporary blockage
   • Often called a “mini-stroke” and serves as a warning sign

Symptoms of Stroke

Use the BE FAST acronym to recognize stroke symptoms:

• Balance: Sudden loss of balance or coordination
• Eyes: Sudden vision changes in one or both eyes
• Face: Facial drooping on one side
• Arm: Arm weakness or numbness
• Speech: Slurred or strange speech
• Time: Call 911 immediately 

Other symptoms may include:

• Sudden severe headache
• Confusion or trouble understanding speech
• Dizziness or fainting
• Seizures
• Nausea and vomiting

Diagnosis

Stroke diagnosis involves:

• CT or MRI scans to identify bleeding or blockage
• Blood tests to assess clotting and glucose levels
• Carotid ultrasound to check for artery narrowing
• Cerebral angiography to visualize blood vessels
• Echocardiogram to detect heart-related causes

Treatment Options

1. Emergency Care

• Immediate transport to a stroke center via ambulance
• Time-sensitive treatment is critical for survival and recovery 

2. Ischemic Stroke Treatment

• tPA (tissue plasminogen activator): Clot-busting drug given within 3–4.5 hours
• Thrombectomy: Surgical removal of the clot
• Anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs (e.g., aspirin, clopidogrel)

3. Hemorrhagic Stroke Treatment

• Blood pressure control
• Surgical repair of aneurysms or AVMs
• Drainage of excess fluid or blood

4. Rehabilitation

• Physical, occupational, and speech therapy
• Psychological support and lifestyle changes
• Stroke prevention strategies

Prognosis

• Recovery depends on stroke type, severity, and speed of treatment
• Early intervention improves outcomes
• Long-term effects may include physical disability, speech issues, and cognitive changes

Ready to Take the Next Step?

Call us at (561) 433-4444 to schedule a consultation or make an appointment.
Let our experienced doctors help you manage stroke risk, recovery, and rehabilitation to protect your brain health.