Microvascular decompression (MVD) is a neurosurgical procedure that relieves pressure on cranial nerves most commonly the trigeminal, facial, or glossopharyngeal by repositioning nearby blood vessels and placing a protective pad between them.
Symptoms:
Include sharp, electric-shock-like facial pain (trigeminal neuralgia), involuntary facial muscle twitching (hemifacial spasm), and stabbing pain in the throat or ear (glossopharyngeal neuralgia), all caused by vascular compression of cranial nerves.
Treatment:
Often involves brain surgery under general anesthesia, where the surgeon accesses the affected nerve, moves the compressing vessel, and inserts a Teflon or PTFE pad to prevent future contact—offering long-term relief in up to 80–90% of cases with minimal nerve damage and short recovery times
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